开学第一课
Restoration brings endangered egrets to China’s Yellow Sea coast_我的网站
一 | 看电视原本是件愉快的事，但现在，对很多人来说，看电视却成了一件费时、花钱的烦心事，根据中国消费者协会的统计，近年来，有关电视 “套娃”收费和操作复杂的投诉不断增加。 什么是电视“套娃”收费 指用户除了购买电视机或者接入有线电视网络时支付的基础服务费外，在购买付费频道、点播服务或其他增值服务时，还面临收费项目多、收费花样层出不穷等问题。
二 |
At 5 am, Wang Piyu, deputy director of the Changhai County Natural Resources Affairs Service Center, sets out by patrol boat for Fantuozi Island, a core breeding site for Chinese egrets in the Changshan Archipelago, Northeast China's Liaoning Province. The island has no permanent residents.
About 100 meters from the island, Wang turns off the engine and reminds accompanying researchers to keep their voices low to avoid disturbing the nesting birds.
Stepping onto the island, they walk along paths covered with vines. Scattered across the rocky slopes are nests measuring 40 to 50 centimeters in diameter. Inside, fluffy chicks huddle together among soft grass woven into nests, while adult birds perch high in the trees, watching cautiously.
"This was not what the island looked like 10 years ago," Wang recalled. "People used to collect eggs here, and coastal aquaculture polluted the tidal flats. Many parts of the island were bare, leaving little vegetation for birds to nest."
The recovery of Changshan Archipelago, however, has turned the remote archipelago into an important link in global conservation efforts.
At the 48th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Busan, South Korea, the boundary modification of the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China was approved, officially adding the Changshan Archipelago to the World Heritage site.
The expansion further strengthens the integrity of the serial natural heritage site, following a previous update in 2024, and highlights China's efforts to integrate coastal ecosystem conservation, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
Behind the World Heritage recognition lies years of conservation work involving local authorities and island residents.
Located in the northern Yellow Sea off Dalian, the Changshan Archipelago sits along a key route of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, providing an essential stopover where tens of millions of migratory birds replenish their energy during their journeys across the Bohai Sea.
The newly added area covers more than 4,900 hectares and is home to more than 140 recorded bird species, including the Chinese egret and black-faced spoonbill, both listed as China's national first-class protected animals.
In 2015, more than 300 Chinese egrets arrived in Changhai county. After discovering the birds, local authorities introduced a series of protective measures, including establishing patrol teams and installing remote monitoring systems to reduce human disturbance.
However, the growing bird population also created new challenges.
Less than half of Fantuozi Island was covered by shrubs, which serve as the nesting grounds for the egrets. Additionally, the island's poor soil and acidification caused by years of accumulated bird droppings had led to the withering and death of some shrubs in recent years.
From 2022, the county launched an ecological restoration project, replacing surface soil with fertile earth and planting more than 2,200 shrubs.
The efforts helped restore the breeding habitat. The number of Chinese egrets on the island has since recovered, with this year's population estimated at about 3,500, including around 1,500 adults and nearly 2,000 chicks, according to Lü Yongquan, director of Changhai county's natural resources bureau.
"Chinese egrets are highly sensitive to water quality, vegetation and human disturbance. Their return to breed here is a sign that the marine ecosystem has recovered and is thriving," Lü told the Global Times.
From fishermen to guardians
Conservation in Changhai is not only carried out by authorities. Local communities have also gradually become part of the protection network.
Authorities have expanded public awareness campaigns and strengthened patrols. Because most of the Changshan Archipelago is uninhabited, drones, fixed-point infrared cameras, and on-site inspections are used to monitor the islands and reefs around the clock.
Many fishermen who once relied on the sea for their livelihoods now help protect it.
During the peak breeding season from April to July, regular marine patrols are carried out to protect nesting sites and prevent illegal egg collection and habitat damage. Local bird conservation groups and research institutions have also joined the efforts, while fishermen have taken on new roles as volunteer guardians of the islands.
Across Changhai county, many fishermen now actively participate in coastal patrols to help protect the archipelago's biodiversity.
For Li Qingsen, a 50-year-old island native and member of the county's forest fire brigade, protecting the birds has become a way of life.
From spring to autumn, 20 team members take turns staying on Fantuozi Island in pairs to protect the birds from disturbance.
Life on the 0.08-square-kilometer island is far from easy. There are no freshwater sources or docks. Patrol workers carry large barrels of water and wade ashore from boats anchored offshore. Instant noodles are often their main food because they require little preparation and some water.
Their work is closely tied to the seasonal cycle of the birds. Each April, thousands of Chinese egrets arrive in the archipelago from Southeast Asia to breed and rear their young, staying until early September before migrating south for the winter.
At present, young egrets are already practicing flight above the treetops. By autumn, they will join their parents in a southward migration.
For Wang, who has spent half of his life guarding Fantuozi Island, the World Heritage recognition is both a homecoming for the birds and a reward for years of protection. "Now, it is a home for the birds, and a reward for all the years we have spent protecting it."
。 想看电视直播有多复杂？最多操作11步才能找到直播入口。
三 | 很多智能电视和机顶盒的设计存在不同程度的操作复杂问题。用户打开电视机，需要在遥控器上操作很多步骤，甚至要多次切换遥控器，才能找到自己想看的电视直播频道，严重影响收看体验。 国家广播电视总局广播电视科学研究院副院长盛志凡介绍：“现在电视机屏幕上很难找到直播的入口，用户要经过一系列操作。我们统计过，最多要操作11步才能找到直播的入口。” 开机慢、免费难、“套娃”收费……看个电视这么累，为让看电视回归简单，国家多部门开展联合治理。 8月21日，国家广播电视总局联合工业和信息化部、国家市场监管总局等有关单位，在京召开了治理电视“套娃”收费和操作复杂工作动员部署会。 有关单位要求将“开机直接呈现全屏直播电视”作为有线电视和IPTV的默认开机模式，并把开机时长控制在35秒以内。同时尽最大努力优化机顶盒功能，实现可以短至几秒的待机启动。 目前，全国80%的有线电视终端、85%的IPTV终端已实现开机看电视直播频道，更多用户开始回归电视收看直播频道。数据显示，全国有线电视用户数日开机时长增长了4.3%，日活用户数增长了6.21%。 除了让看电视更简单，还要让点播收费更加明白。在解决电视“套娃”收费问题方面，第一阶段治理选取北京歌华有线等7家试点，主要针对电视收费包多、收费主体多、收费不透明三个方面开展治理。 根据治理要求： 所有电视大屏页面在首页首屏都要设置免费专区入口。 单片付费内容要在导航栏设置专区入口。 所有收费节目要有明显标识，所有购买内容需要设置显著的取消选择选项。 所有应用下载必须集中在“应用中心”内，不能混排在内容页面。 所有的订购内容都可以在订购信息页进行查询。 目前，所有的试点单位都已经完成了整改，七家试点收费包都压减了50%以上。 11月起到明年年底，治理工作将在全国范围继续推广。 经过第一阶段试点后，治理电视“套娃”收费和操作复杂工作已经总结了一系列经验。 3日，有关单位组织召开了治理电视“套娃”收费和操作复杂试点工作总结暨全国推广工作部署推进会，总结前期治理电视“套娃”收费和操作复杂试点工作成效，同时介绍全国推广阶段性方案。 从11月开始到明年年底，治理工作后续阶段已经开始，将在全国范围继续推广。 国家广播电视总局科技司司长余英表示，后续，针对需要更换机顶盒才能够改善用户体验的情况，将制定替换计划。另外，将组织部署有新功能的软件，实现开机自动优先显示直播电视信号。同时，继续推进简化减少遥控器工作，推进电视机机顶盒一体化，发布一系列标准规范。 责任编辑：洪洋。
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